Multimedia is any combined use of the media of communication.

Multimedia literacy refers to confidence and skill in creating and understanding multimedia.


Veronica Kuhn, Associate professor at Institute for Multimedia Literacy (IML) at the University of Southern California contrasts digital literacy to traditional literacies.

Multimedia in education has affordances, or perceived uses, that vary according to the individual.  It has been argued that today's younger students, the so-called 'net generation,' do not use many web-based resources as often as was formally believed or claimed. (Kennedy, et. al. 2007)  Regardless, digital media is readily available to students and teachers throughout the developed world.  This affords an increase in student s' autonomy, perceived or not, in many ways.  For examaple, Armando R. Trindade (2003) states that teachers' roles have become "more like managers and mediators of information than as being the only source of knowledge, as they have been up to now."  He argues that globalisation of multimedia texts has allowed

  • a greater flexibility in learning objectives and curricula;
  • more emphasis on the development of students’ capacities and skills than on the extent of their formal knowledge of many different subjects
 
 
 
 
that will require "developing students’ capacities for managing and structuring information, for interpersonal communication and for learning by themselves" (p. 29).



"65% of American teens [have produced their own media].  About one-third of those teens have shared the media that they have produced with a community larger than friends or family.  So, there's a communication shift that's going on as more and more young people are becoming participants in their society.

"Now, we didn't accept the premise that we should just take a laissez-faire attitude; that these should be feral children of the internet and that, you know, they should be raised by the rules of Web 2.0.  Instead, we suggested there were basic skills and knowledge they needed to acquire... " (Jenkins, 2010, 4:11- 4:46)

This quote was taken from Henry Jenkins TED Talk on the TEDxTalks Youtube Channel.



 
 
The unlimited classroom:

If cost were no object, how would every classroom be equipped? (a personal and somewhat contentious opinion...)

I've yet to work in a secondary school where calculator and keyboards have not been routinely vandalised by students, albeit with widely varying degrees of frequency.  Every school I've worked in has had school policies banning mobile telephones; most have sought also to restrict access to social networking sites and video / audio streaming services due to school policy, student safety concerns and the cost of bandwidth.

Nonetheless, the overall cost of technology is decreasing, and there is arguably strong pedagogical reasons to have access to Web 2.0 technologies available in the classroom.  Many schools and institutions have become wary of simply grafting technology purchases onto traditional teaching practices since the benefit of doing so has proven costly and of limited educational value.  Good teaching is what makes the most difference. 

There are uses of technology that are genuinely innovative, and go beyond 'bells and whistles' in terms of educational value.  I feel that the most dramatic changes in recent years have involved a shift away from single purpose instrumentation.  For example, I have used an interactive white board (IWB) to great effect in a secondary science classroom, but I can now simulate most of its functionality utilising less expensive and more portable equipment. 

 
 
Even in a traditional classroom environment, mindful use of technology is underutilised due to additional real world constraints such as cost of teacher time and lack of professional development.  For example, free and robust course management software is available to every school to make student resources available on the web, but is often not used.

 
 
What follows is a personal 'wish list' that includes contentious use of technology, such as the presence of a high speed broadband service provisioned over a wireless network, and use of smart device applets, such as those available on the iPod Touch.

 
 
 
 
Please use the interactive mindmap below for a personal view on use of ICT in the classroom.

Are you unable to view all of the multimedia on this page?  You may need a plugin to give your browser more functionality:  Plugins 101

 
 
 
 
Multimedia in education:

Here are some links to examples of uses of multimedia.  You will need to use your browser's 'back' button to return to this page.

  • A comparison of Kevin Rudd's Sorry speech to Paul Keating's Redfern speech using Wordle, an online applet that produces word clouds from entered texts.  Words that occur most frequently appear in the largest font size.  The Wordle applet has been utilised twice on this web page, once to produce the primarily decorative graphic at the top of the page (produced using Wikipedia's definition of 'multimedia,' and only decorative in purpose until used in this example) and below, where it could be used to analyse emphases made in two historic speeches. Click the pictures below to view the full sized images. 

Wordle: Sorry speech, Kevin Rudd, February 13, 2008         Wordle: Redfern Speech, Paul Keating, December 10, 1992

  • A multimedia pdf file created by Slate.com and The Washington Post about Barack Obama's election campaign.  This file is large and would have to be downloaded, rather than streamed, to be of practical use in most teaching environments.   HERE


Campaign interactive PDF

  • Google Body is a new WebGL (an HTML interface for 3D graphics) application that enables learners to explore the human body.  Currently, the Body Browser works in Firefox or Chrome browsers that have WebGL enabled only.  Select a link below to view:



Google Body

(requires WEB GL enabled browser),

or watch a Youtube video

of Google Body in action.

  • This is an example of a filmed lecture with a presentation slide overlay.  In practice, this is a simple record of class content to produce live, even at a secondary level, and could be included online for student use or utilised for performance reviews of teaching staff.

  • A Freemind mind map constructed to gather together some online resources by a year 10 science student.  This activity  built upon the use of mindmaps I used to help present a global view of the unit material that could be built upon by students.  The map opens up in a flash browser and can be moved around the page to facilitate viewing.   Freemind is the oldest and most standardised format of electronic mind maps available.  It integrates into many wikis and course management systems, such as Moodle.  This sort of map could also be built upon as a collaborative activity, perhaps to help foster search skills and critical evaluation of World Wide Web resources through class discussion.

The best use of technology, for me, would keep classroom equipment both simple and as multifunctional as possible.  Both secondary and tertiary classrooms should be equipped with or have access to:

  • an overhead projector;
  • an overhead projection screen or interactive white board, if money is really no object;
  • high speed broadband provisioned over a wireless network (many secondary schools will not allow this yet);
  • a class set of laptop computers;
  • subject specific equipment .
Every teacher should also have access to 
 
 
  • Photocopiers with scanning facilities and dedicated scanners;
  • Digital cameras including video cameras

 
 
 
 

  •  Course Management systems that offer CMS software (minimum).  Open source options, such as Moodle offer more functionality.

 

2. What is Multimedia?


A brief definition and examples of Multimedia as web links inserted onto your page with a brief description of what the link leads to. This page can be a resource page as well that takes people to examples of appropriate and effective multimedia technologies being used in education.


What Multimedia and Technology would you choose for use in classrooms if budget was no obstacle?   (Why? A little too rambling here)

to do: 

 fix the links so they open in a different target page.

finish references

spell check

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  • This is an online course from Harvard University that has been made freely available online.  It represents one example of a combined interactive lecture video and Power Point presentation that can be controlled by the viewer.

Jenkins, H. (2010, June 13). TEDxNYED - Henry Jenkins - 13/06/10 [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFCLKa0XRlw 




Noun: Multimedia vs multimodal

MAYBE: Some form of taxonomy arguably required to classify and evaluate multimedia from an educational perspective: pedagogy and T-Mum, work of Heller that includes receivers as well as the presentation...multimedia does not exist in a vacuum.

examples include a trivial illustration that is brought to relevance through altering reference to it... also an example that is merely decorative outside the context of the culture of the group the material is prepared for.  How are symbolic representations used...illustration as metaphor?  Aspects of good teaching, such as introducing humour, etc.

References:  

Mack, C. (2005). Looking at the Renaissance: Essays toward a conceptual appreciation. London: Taylor &
Francis.

T-Mum no longer on the web, but available here: